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THE PANAMA CANAL .He P+. Cki 



Handbook for Employees 

of the 

Electrical Division 



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THE PANAMA CANAL PREV* 

SUPPLY DEPARTMENT 

MOUNT HOPE. C. Z. 



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NOTE. 



This booklet is compiled for the convenience of employees 
of the Electrical Division. It contains an outline of the 
Cost Keeping System, Electrical Circulars and Rates, 
some instructions to wiremen, etc., a list of Electrical 
Division forms, and a few tables which it is hoped will 
be of some assistance in the field. Revisions may be made 
and suggestions of value will be used. 



October i, 1916, 



D. of D. 

JAN 25 1917 



DC 



SECTION I 

COST KEEPING SYSTEM 

OF 

THE ELECTRICAL DIVISION 



COST-KEEPING SYSTEM. 

CLASSIFICATION, 

A — Hydro-electric Power Plants—.AIl districts. 

B — Steam Electric Plants Balboa District. 

C — Transformer Substations Cristobal District. 

D— Trans mission Lines. 

E— Distribution Lines Transmission District 

Gatun Underground. 
F — House Lighting System. 

G — Street Lighting System.. Gatun District. 

H — Spillways Hydro District. 

I— Freight Handling Cranes. 

J — General Expense Transmission District, 

Cristobal-Gatun. 
K — Intermediate Expense Transmission District, 

Gatun-Miraflores. 
L — „.; Transmission District, 

Miraflores-Balboa. 
M — Miraflores District. 

This schedule shows the composition of the symbols by 
which charges will be made; the first column showing the 
general classification of expenditures, and the second 
column showing the location. As an example: "C" 
represents transformer substations and "G" represents 



(in second column) Gatun, so that "CG" is the symbol 
for the Gatun transformer substation. 

The classifications of "General Expense" and "Interme- 
diate Expense" will be used only by the Cost Accountant. 

R — Telegraph System. 
S — Railway Signal System. 
T — Telephone System. 
U — Fire Alarm System. 

The last four accounts are not divided into districts 
and the location need not be shown. 

Transmission lines include the 6,600-volt underground 
lines from the hydroelectric station to the Gatun substation 
and the 44,000-volt lines from Cristobal to Balboa. 

Distribution lines include all lines feeding directly to 
the consumer from the six substations or from the power 
stations. They may be either overhead or underground. 

For cost-accounting purposes, the Darien and Gamboa 
substations are considered as being in the Miraflores district. 

House-lighting systems are considered as beginning at 
the service entrance to the building. 



SUBACCOUNTS. 

POWER PLANTS. 

A No Unt Kame - 

1. Operating Labor — Mechanical. 

2. Operating Labor — Electrical. 

3. Fuel. 

4. Water. 

5. Lubricants. 

6. Miscellaneous Supplies and Expenses. 

7. Equipment Repairs — Mechanical. 

8. Equipment Repairs — Electrical. 

9. Structural Repairs. 

10. Equipment — Depreciation. 

11. Structures — Depreciation. 

19. General Expense. 

TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS. 

20. Operation. 

21. Equipment — Repairs. 

22. Structures — Repairs. 

23. Equipment — Depreciation. 

24. Structures — Depreciation. 
29. General Expense. 



Account 
No. 



8 
TRANSMISSION LINES. 

Name. 



30. Supervision, Inspecting, and Testing. 

31. Maintenance and Repairs. 

32. Depreciation. 
39. General Expense. 



DISTRIBUTION LINES. 



40. Supervision, inspecting, and Testing. 

41. Maintenance and Repairs. 

42. Depreciation. 
4°. General Expense. 



HOUSE-LIGHT! VG SYS'i EM. 



50. Supervision. 

51. Lamp Renewals. 

52. Miscellaneous. 

59. General Expense. 



streTet-lighti n g s yst e m . 



00. Supervision. 

61. Lamp Renewals. 

62. Miscellaneous. 
69. General Expense. 



9 

SPILLWAYS. 

Account vr 

No. Name - 

70. Operation. 

71-A. Maintenance of Operating Machinery and Equip- 
ment. 
71-B. Maintenance of Gates and Caissons. 
71-C. Maintenance of Structure. 



FREIGHT-HANDLING CRANES. 



80. Operation. 

81. Maintenance and Repairs. 
89. General Expense. 



TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. 



400. Operation. 

401. Maintenance of Duct Lines. 

402. Maintenance of Underground Cables. 

403. Maintenance of Overhead Wires and Cables, 

404. Maintenance of Telegraph Equipment. 

405. Maintenance of Clocks and Clock Circuits. 

407. Miscellaneous. 

408. Depreciation. 

409. General Expense. 

410. Stock Account. 



10 

RAILWAY SIGNAL SYSTEM. 

Account vr«««» 

Xo. Name. 

500. Operation. 

501. Maintenance of Duct Lines. 

502. Maintenance of Underground Cables. 

503. Maintenance of Overhead Wires and Cables. 

504. Maintenance of Interlocking Plants. 

505. Maintenance of Railway Signals and Appurtenances. 

507. Miscellaneous. 

508. Depreciation. 

509. General Expense. 

510. Stock Account. 



TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 

600. Operation. 

601. Maintenance of Duct Lines. 

602. Maintenance of Underground Cables. 

603. Maintenance of Overhead Wires and Ca.bles. 

604. Maintenance of Exchange Equipment. 

605. Maintenance of Subscribers' Exchange Equipment. 

607. Miscellaneous. 

608. Depreciation. 

609. General Expense. 

610. Stock Account. 

611. Telephone Instruments (all instruments remain under 

this account while in the division). 





FIRE ALARM SYSTEM 


Xo 


mt Name. 


700. 


Operation. 


701. 


Maintenance and Repairs. 


708. 


Depreciation. 


709. 


General Expense. 



GENERAL EXPENSE. 

90. Superintendance. 

91. Clerical. 

92. Drafting. 

93. Inspecting and Test; 

94. Gratuity Pay. 

95. Office Supplies and Expenses. 

96. Miscellaneous. 

97. Shop Expense (Building Xo. 9. shop only 

INTERMEDIATE EXPENSE. 

100. Superintendence. 

101. Clerical. 

102. Office Supplies and Expenses. 

STOCK ACCOUNT-. 

E-4. Electrical Stock. Northern District. 
E-5. Electrical Stock, Southern District. 
E-6. Electrical Stock, Armature Repair Shop. 
E-7. Instrument Repair Shop. 
R-410. Telegraph Stock. 
S-510. Signal Stock (railway). 
T-610. Telephone Stock. 



12 

DEFINITION OF ACCOUNTS. 

Operation. — To operating account numbers shall be 
charged ali labor (on distribution books) and all material 
(on foreman's orders, inspection calls, and invoices) used 
in the operation of any of the above. systems or units of a 
system. In operation are included all materials that are 
regularly and necessarily consumed in the operation of the 
system and the labor involved in their handling. 

Supervision, Inspecting, and Testing. — To these accounts 
shall be charged the wages of supervisors, foremen, in- 
spectors, electricians, wiremen, and helpers, and all other 
labor engaged in inspecting and testing; and also any 
material and supplies used in making such inspection and 
tests. 

Maintenance and Repairs. — To this account shall be 
charged all labor of foremen, wiremen, electricians, in- 
spectors, etc., and helpers expended on the maintenance 
and repairs of the above systems or units of a system, 
and all material and miscellaneous supplies used in 
making such repairs. Where this account is divided 
between equipment and structures, equipment repairs 
shall include repairs to machines, switchboards, and all 
equipment, i. e., all parts which pertain to the system but 
which are not a part of the building or structure itself. 
Structural repairs include repairs to doors, windows, roofs, 
partitions, floors, grounds, walks, paving, gutters, sewers, 
drainage, toilets, racks, shelving, etc. (In case a reserve 
for repairs is authorized, the monthly charge to this ac- 
count will be an estimated amount furnished by the 
Auditor and the actual cost of repairs will be charged to 
the Reserve Account.) 



13 

Lamp Renewals. — To this account will be charged all 
lamps used in renewing burned-out lamps in quarters, 
shops, offices, army posts, and other places where the cost 
of lighting current includes lamp renewals. It also covers 
the labor of making replacements. It will be credited with 
any amount recovered from the sale of burned-out lamps. 

Depreciation. — The charge to this account will be the 
estimated monthly depreciation, which amount will be 
determined by the Auditor. This estimated charge will be 
credited to a Reserve Account, to which will be charged 
the cost of replacing the system or unit in question when 
worn out or otherwise retired from service. 

Other Expense. — To this account will be charged a pro- 
portion of all general and intermediate expense of the Elec- 
trical Division, as shown by symbols "J" and "K." This 
account is handled in the Cost Accountant's office and it is 
unnecessary to go into detail regarding it here. 

Miscellaneous. — To this account will be charged any 
miscellaneous expense which can not be located direct to 
any other classified account and which has not otherwise 
been provided for. Under House Lighting Accounts, this 
shall include labor and material used in renewing or chang- 
ing wiring, fuses, rosettes, sockets, switches, and other 
lighting fixtures in building. It will also include repairs 
to cords and plugs only for electrical heating appliances, 
motors, or stand lamps, which are the personal property 
of an employee occupying quarters, and who has had such 
appliance, motor or lamp installed by the Electrical 
Division. It shall not include any repairs to the appliance 
itself, nor any new heating elements or other parts except 



14 

as above mentioned. Such work must be paid for by the 
owner of the appliance, and if done by the Electrical Divi- 
sion, the work must be covered by a work order, hereinafter 
described. 

Stock Account. — In those units of the Electrical Division 
which are regularly engaged in construction work for this 
and other departments and divisions of The Panama Canal 
and others, it is necessary to carry a stock of material, the 
ultimate use for which is not known at the time it is drawn 
from the Supply Department store. It is, therefore, im- 
possible to show the account to which it will ultimately be 
charged, on the foreman's order at the time it is drawn. 
To obviate this difficulty, certain stock accounts are set up. 
When the material is finally used on a job, this stock ac- 
count must be credited, proper forms being supplied for 
that purpose. This account is not to be used in drawing 
material when the account number or work order number on 
which the material is to be actually expended is known. 

Work in the Telephone and Telegraph Department 
~whT be classified and handled as follows: 

A — Troubles: 1. Cable. 2. Line. 3. Instrument. 

B — Moves: 1. Commercial. 2. Other than Commercial. 

C— Installation of new telephones. 

D — Removal of telephones. 

E — Regular Maintenance and Construction. 

If more than one work card (PC 1507-a) is issued for 
the same class of work, notation should be made as to which 
will take precedence. 



15 

After a card has been issued to a foreman, inspector, or 
cable splicer covering certain work, they will keep the wire 
chief or general foreman informed as to its progress. 
Any undue delay in completing work is to be reported 
to the Supervisor of Telephones by the wire chief or the 
general foreman, who will be held responsible for delays if 
not reported. 

ELECTRICAL DIVISION WORK" ORDERS. " 

The foregoing cost accounting system applies to the 
operation and maintenance of the various units of the 
Electrical Division only. All work done for other depart- 
ments of The Panama Canal or the Government, or for 
employees, outsiders, contractors, etc., must be covered by 
an Electrical' Division Work Order. Each work order is 
numbered, a consecutive series of numbers being used, 
with a letter prefix. The letter "E" is used for all work 
other than that pertaining to Telephones, Telegraphs, or 
Signals. For these the letter "T" is used. Work orders are 
sometimes issued for work done within the division when 
it is desired to keep a separate cost of the job, and in the 
case of all construction work. Work orders are issued only 
from the Electrical Engineer's Office. Proper authority 
must be secured for every work order issued. When ne- 
cessity demands that work be performed previous to the 
issuance of the work order covering it, the work order 
number may be telephoned to the field for immediate use. 

Arrangements are made with most departments and 
divisions whereby blanket work requests covering jobs 
costing S50 or less are issued at the beginning of each fiscal 



16 

year and which constitute authority for such jobs to be 
performed in the field upon receipt of form PC 431 signed 
by foremen or others authorized to sign. The numbers cf 
the Electrical Division blanket work requests on other de- 
partments and divisions, and also the number of the blanket 
work requests of other departments and divisions on the 
Electrical Division, will be sent to the field at the begin- 
ning of each fiscal year, or will be given from the office on 
request. No blanket work orders are issued for work done 
by the telephone or signal department ; a separate work order 
being issued for each job. 

When a work order is issued on the electrical repair shop 
the suffix' 'S" will be added to the work order number in 
order that a shop expense charge may be added to such 
work. 

Work orders covering the transfer of electrical appliances 
or telephones from one house to another should be given 
preference over new installations, except in cases where 
new installations are marked "Rush." The word "Rush" is 
used only when considered necessary for the exigencies of 
the service. 

COMPLETION REPORTS. 

Upon the completion of a work order a completion report 
(Form PC 723-1) must be returned to the Electrical 
Engineer's office in duplicate, together with a wiring mem- 
orandum (Form PC 730) or a diversion report (Form PC 
1524), also in duplicate, showing the material used from 
stock (that is, any material which was not drawn directly 
from a Supply Department storehouse on foremen's order 
and charged directly to the job). These forms are so made 



17 

as to clearly indicate their use and need no explanation 
here. (See facsimiles of forms elsewhere in this book.) 
These completion reports must be made out in detail, 
covering all points set forth therein which are applicable 
to the job in question. 

All completion reports on wiring and lighting jobs in all 
quarters will be so arranged as to show the light inventory 
of each apartment and not of the house as a whole. This 
is necessary in order to correct and maintain our records 
upon which flat rate electric light charges are based. 

DIVERSION REPORTS. 

When it is desired to transfer any material from one 
account number or work order number to another account 
number or work order number, a diversion report is to be 
used. (Note. — Wiring memorandums, Form PC 730, are 
one form of diversion report.) These must be sent to the 
Electrical Engineer's office in duplicate. 

FREIGHT BILLS. 

When signing freight bills, please arrange to write on 
face of bill the account number or work order number to 
which material on this bill is to be charged, insofar as it 
is possible to do. 



MR 52781- 



18 

Blanket Work Requests of Electrical Division on Other 
Divisions for 1916-17. 

OME-3313. Building Division. 
OME-3311. Lock Operation. 
OME-3310. Mechanical Division. 
OME-3312. Municipal Division. 
OME-3518. Panama Railroad. 
OME-3314. Supply Department. 

Blanket Work Orders by Other Divisions 071 Electrical Division 
for 1916-17. 

E-4042. Accounting Department, Auditor, Pay- 
master, and Collector A-3270 

E-4007. Army, Engineers Office, U. S. Troops, 

Canal Zone— Z-3377 

E-4026. Army, 29th Infantry, W. M., Camp 

Gaillard , Z-3380 

E-4027. Army, C. A. C, Q. M., Cristobal Z-3386 

E-4028. Army, C. A. C, Q. M., Fort Grant Z-3383 

E-4024. Building Division, B-3274 

E-4036. Clubs and Playgrounds, all Y. M. C. A. 

Secretaries _.'. E-3286 

E-4000. Dredging Division, Miscellaneous re- 
pairs, renewals, etc., to light and 
power lines DD-6849 

E-4002. Dredging Division, repairs to sand 

cranes, Gamboa Gravel Plant DD-6845 

E-4003. Dredging Division, repairs to Ajax and 

Hercules DD-6846 



19 

E-4004. Dredging Division, repairs to floating 

equipment DD-6842 

E-4005. Dredging Division, repairs to relay 

pumps, Paraiso DD-6844 

E-4006. Dredging Division, repairs to relay 

pumps, Balboa . DD-6843 

E-4020. Executive, Administration Building... E-3283 

E-4021. Executive, Civil Affairs, Schools, Posts. 
Police and Fire, District and Magis- 
trates Courts E-3279 

E-4035. Fortifications... ... OMF-3315 

E-4025. Health Department H-3293 

E-4052. Marine Department, Port Captain, Bal- 
boa OMM-3317 

E-4051. Marine Department, Port Captain, Cris- 
tobal...... OMM-3317 

E-4053. Marine Department, Lighthouse 

Division ..OMM-3317 

E-4047. Mechanical Division, Balboa Shops M-297 

E-4049. Mechanical Division, Mt. Hope Shops.. . M-297 

E-4048. Mechanical Division, Paraiso Shops... M-297 

E-4050. Mechanical Division, Roundhouse, Cris- 
tobal... M-297 

E-4023. Municipal Engineering Division ME-3296 

E-4044. Navy Submarines Z-3946 

E-4045. Naval Radio, Darien, Balboa, and Colon Z-3449 
E-4033. Naval Radio Station, Darien, inspect 
oil switches, test oil and renew oil 
when necessary and do other work 
in transformer house at Darien when 
necessary Z-3395 



20 

E-4041. O. & M., Atlantic Locks OM-3308 

E-4008. O. & M., Pacific Locks _....OMPL-65 

E-4043. O. & M., Coaling Plant, Cristobal P-674 

E-4034. O. & M. f Engineers Office, Embree, 

Willson and Malsbury OM-3305 

E-4011. O. & M., East Breakwater TCA-404 

E-4009. O. & M., Pacific Terminals TCB-558 

E-4010. O.' & M., Pacific Terminals, Berm 

Cranes TCB-562 

E-4016. P. R. R., Superintendent's Office P-657 

E-4017. P. R. R., R. & F. Agent, Balboa P-649 

E-4019. P. R. R., R. & F. Agent, Colon P-647 

E-4012. P. R. R., Superintendent of B. & B P-664 

E-4014. P. R. R., Engineer of Docks P-651 

E-4013. P. R. R. f Masonic Temple, Cristobal P-654 

E-4015. P. R. R., S. S. Line P-656 

E-4018. P. R. R., Roadmaster . P-642 

E-4046. P. R. R., Care and maintenance of elec- 
tric coal handling machinery at 

Cristobal Docks.... P-690 

E-4038. P. R. R., Maintenance and charging of 
storage batteries, trucks, etc., at Cris- 
tobal Docks. Estimated at §200 per 

month P-658 

E-4057. P. R. R., Commissaries, Laundries, 
Warehouse, Cold Storage, Bakeries, 

etc . P-657 

E-4058. P. R. R., Hotel Washington P-657' 

E-4055. Supply Department, D. Q. M. offices, 

shops, corrals, quarters, etc S-3355 



21 

E-4056. Subsistence Department, iine hotels and 

Tivoli S-3355 

E-4032 Pacific Mail Steamship Co Z-3388 

E-4031 Pacific Steam Navigation Co., author- 
ized by Mr. Lambert Z-3387 

E-4030 Panama Agencies Co.. authorized by 

agent of company at Balboa Z-3390 

United Fruit Co., Telephone System. 

T-51088. Month of July. 1916 Z-3543 

T-510S9. Month of August, 1916.. Z-3543 

T-51091. Month of October, 1916 Z-3543 

T-51092. Month of November, 1916 „ Z-3543 

T-51093. Month of December, 1916 Z-3543 

T-51094. Month of January, 1917 Z-35-^3 

T-51095. Month of February. 1917 Z-3543 

T-51096. Month of March, 1917 Z-3543 

T-51097. Month of April, 1917 Z-3543 

T-51098. Month of May, 1917 Z-3543 

T-51099. Month of June, 1917 Z-3543 



22 



23 



24 



25 



26 



SECTION II 

ELECTRICAL CIRCULARS, RATES, 
FORMS, REGULATIONS, AND MISCEL- 
LANEOUS INFORMATION 

27 



29 



Balboa Heights, June 12, 1916, 



Circular No. 676-8. 



CHARGES FOR ELECTRIC CURRENT. 

The rate for electric current furnished to individuals 
(nonemployees) and companies in the Canal Zone, and to 
employees of The Panama Canal and Panama Railroad 
Company for commercial use, as prescribed in Circular 
676-5, is hereby amended, effective July 1, 1916, as fol- 
lows : 

Current consumption in one month. 

First 100 K. W. H $0. 08 per K. W. H- 

Next 200 K. W. H __.: 06 per K. W. H- 

Over 300 K. W. H ,.,„ 04 per K. W. H- 



Chester Harding, 

Acting Governor. 



30 



ir. 



Balboa Heights, August 4, 1915. 
Circular No. 676-6. 



ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES OR CHANGES IN WIRING IN QUAR- 
TERS. 

1. Occupants of buildings belonging to The Panama 
Canal and Panama Railroad Company are hereby for- 
bidden to make any addition or change whatsoever in the 
electrical wiring in their apartments, or to use electrical 
appliances of any kind whatsoever, without first obtaining 
the necessary authority from the office of the Electrical 
Engineer. 

2^ Applications for the use of electrical appliances or 
requests for additions or alterations of any kind to elec- 
trical systems should be made direct to the Electrical En- 
gineer and not to the District Quartermaster. 

Chester Harding, 

A ding Governor. 



31 
III. 

Balboa Heights, C. Z., August 5, 1916. 
Circular No. 627-15. 

QUARTERS, FUEL, AND ELECTRIC CURRENT FOR EMPLOYEES 

ON THE GOLD ROLL AND FOR AMERICAN 

CITIZENS ON THE SILVER ROLL. 

That part of above circular which applies to the use 
of electric current in quarters is as follows : 



Electric Current. 

34. (a) Electric current for lighting and for such elec- 
trical appliances as are installed in conformity with the 
following regulations will be furnished free of charge to 
employees on the gold roll and American citizens on the 
silver roll of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad 
Company on the Isthmus of Panama. 

(b) No alterations nor additions to electric circuits in 
quarters as installed by the Electrical Division or any other 
department or division of The Panama Canal or the Pana- 
ma Railroad Company will be made except by the Elec- 
trical Division on written application to the Electrical 
Engineer. This applies to changes in number, location 
or size of lights; use of extension cords; use of electrical 



32 

appliances such as irons, fans, hot plates, toasters, per- 
colators, etc., and to all alterations or additions whatsoever. 

(c) A charge will be made against employees for the 
installation of any additional outlets, changes of circuits 
or other work that may, in the judgment of the Electrical 
Engineer, be necessary for the use of electrical appliances. 
This charge will be fixed by the Governor on the recom- 
mendation of the Electrical Engineer. Payment will be 
made to the Collector, upon notification by the Electrical 
Division that additional outlet is necessary. Applications 
for the use of irons, fans, hot plates, toasters, or other 
electrical appliances shall be made on form obtained from 
the Electrical Engineer. No electrical appliance will be 
used until the installation is approved by the Electrical 
Division. A record of all appliances whose use is approved, 
whether or not a special installation is necessary, will be 
kept by the Electrical Division. 

(d) The Electrical Division will, from time to time, make 
such inspections of quarters as may be necessary to see 
that these regulations are complied with. 

(e) The use of electrical appliances for which authority 
has already been obtained under existing regulations, may 
be continued without further authority. 



Chester Harding, 

Acting Governor. 



36 

IV. 



INSTRUCTIONS TO ELECTRICAL DIVISION EMPLOYEES RE- 
GARDING THE INSTALLATION, REMOVAL, AND 
TRANSFER OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES 
USED BY EMPLOYEES IN QUAR- 
TERS OF THE PANAMA 
CANAL. 

Effective July 1, 1916, the monthly charges for current 
used for electric appliances by gold employees in quarters, 
is discontinued and no further charges of this kind will be 
made, in conformity to Governor's Circular 627-15. 

It will t herefore be necessary to charge for installing new 
outlets. It will also be necessary to keep a record of all 
electrical appliances in use, their transfer from one house 
to another, etc., in order to check the load on our feeders 
and distributing transformers, as in the past. The follow- 
ing method is outlined for your guidance: 

1. Employees shall make written application to the Elec- 
trical Division covering each appliance they desire to use, 
on a form provided for this purpose. 

2. They shall notify the Electrical Division in writing 
when they desire to transfer their appliances from one 
house to another, on the above-mentioned form. 

3. They shall in no case connect appliances having a 
consumption of more than 250 watts to a lamp socket or 
lamp receptacle, but shall connect it to the heater recep- 
tacles, such as the Hubbell or Chapman wall receptacles 
rated at 10 amperes, 250 volts, which are used for this 

MR 52781 3 



34 

purpose. Larger receptacles must of course be installed 
for large appliances, such as ranges, etc. 

4. Receptacles will not be removed or disconnected 
when a transfer is made or when the use of an appliance 
is discontinued. 

5. More than one appliance may be used successively 
in the same, receptacle, provided that none of them exceed 
the rated current carrying capacity of the receptacle. 

6. If the house or apartment is not wired for a suitable 
receptacle, or if the occupant desires an additional re- 
ceptacle, a charge of S2.50 U. S. C. will be made. This 
charge is based on the average labor charges only of 
several hundred previous installations and does not in- 
clude the cost of material, which remains the property of 
The Panama Canal and upon installation becomes part 
of the house wiring and is not to be removed. 

7. If the house is already provided with a suitable re- 
ceptacle or if a receptacle has been installed and later re- 
moved, leaving all wiring, molding or conduit, etc., in 
place so that receptacle may be readily attached with a few 
minutes' work, no charge will be made. No charge will be 
made for putting Hubbell caps or Chapman plugs, etc., 
on cords to fit the receptacles installed. 

8. Repairs to appliances will be limited to the renewal 
of worn-out cords, and to simple adjustments which can 
be readily made on the premises. Any extensive repair 
work shall be sent to the shop and a work order issued to 
cover, the cost being charged to the owner. 

9. Employees will be instructed to send their written 
applications direct to the Electrical Division field offices 
in the several towns and districts. All applications re- 



35 

ceived by the Electrical Engineer will be sent to the field. 
Upon receipt of these applications the field forces will in- 
spect the wiring of the apartment and if a receptacle is 
already installed, or can readily be connected as provided 
in paragraph 7, they will make necessary changes to the 
cord to fit the receptacle and report the installation as 
complete on an inventory card, at the same time making 
the necessary addition to the inventory card in the house, 
which is described in paragraph 11. In this case no work 
order will be issued, the time being charged to the main- 
tenance of house lighting system. 

10. If a new receptacle is to be installed, as provided in 
paragraph 6, the application will be filled in by the wireman 
making the inspection, stating this fact, and will be left 
with the applicant who will forward it, together with $2.50 
to the Collector, The Panama Canal, in accordance with 
the instructions on the form. The Collector will receipt 
the application and forward to the Electrical Engineer 
promptly, when a work order will be issued to cover the 
installation and a completion report made in the usual 
manner. 

11. A card will be made to be tacked up in each apart- 
ment in the panel box or other convenient place. This card 
will contain Circular 676-6, and a space for entering the 
inventory of lights and receptacles in the house. These 
cards will be revised whenever any additional lights, re- 
ceptacles, etc., are installed and will serve as a check to the 
district wireman and a reminder to the occupant of the 
quarters to report additions, removals, etc. 



36 

12. Inspections of quarters from time to time for the 
purpose of insuring that these regulations are complied 
with will be made as directed by the Electrical Engineer. 

W. H. Rose, 

Electrical Engineer. 



DRY CLOSET LAMPS. 

All dry closet lamps must be protected with a wire lamp 
guard of ample size to prevent clothing from coming in 
contact with the lamp. 

VI. 

RECOVERY OF LAMPS. 

All burned-out Mazda lamps, nitrogen series, carbon, 
or other wire-drawn lamps have a market value, as bases 
are sold as scrap brass and considerable platinum is recov- 
ered. All such lamps should be collected and turned in to 
Obsolete Store, Mt. Hope, from time to time in order that 
they may be returned to the States, where they find a 
ready market. 

All employees are requested to save burned-out lamps in 
quarters and elsewhere and turn them over to employees of 
the Electrical Division when renewals are made. 



37 
VII. 

DEFACING WOODWORK IN FINISHED BUILDINGS. 

Employees must be careful when making installations 
or changes in buildings not to deface the woodwork by 
leaving dirty finger marks on the paint. 

VIII. 

USE OF GASOLINE TORCHES. 

Employees must use great care in the use of gasoline 
torches and furnaces to prevent fires in buildings and also 
to prevent injury to employees through the improper or 
careless use of this class of equipment. 

IX. 

CABLE SPLICING STRICTLY JOURNEYMEN'S WORK. 

The making of splices and soldering, taping, and stow- 
ing of same in 6utlet boxes or condulets is strictly journey- 
man's work and is not to be performed by helpers. 

Careless work on joints and taping causes most of our 
trouble and soon shows up. Journeymen wiremen will 
be held strictly responsible for any defective work of this 
nature, and when same is discovered, either by tests or in 
actual service, the wireman responsible for it will be sub- 



38 

ject to discipline. All splices on rubber-covered wire 
carrying 110 volts or more, which are to be stowed in 
conduits must be served with a thickness of rubber tape 
equal to the thickness of the rubber insulation on the wire, 
in addition to a serving or friction tape over all. 



X. 



WIRING RULES AND REGULATIONS. 

All work in buildings of The Panama Canal should con- 
form to the Rules and Requirements of the National 
Board of Fire Underwriters. Wiremen and other employees 
of the Electrical Division doing construction work, such as 
inside wiring, outside wiring, switchboard or power wir- 
ing, et<;., should familiarize themselves with such portions 
of the above-mentioned rules as apply to their branch of 
work. Ignorance of these rules will not be accepted as 
an excuse for unsatisfactory work. 

An exception to the Rules will be found in paragraph 
IV-3. 



XI. 



ARMY BUILDINGS. 

In connection with work to be performed by employees 
of the Electrical Division in buildings assigned to the Army, 
the following instructions are issued : 



39 

Electrical power is billed to the Army at actual cost to 
The Panama Canal determined by the Cost Accountant 
from month to month as the average for all distribution 
districts, including the cost of maintenance of secondary 
distribution systems, house-lighting systems, and lamp re- 
newals. They are in consequence entitled to everything 
in the way of labor and material necessary for the main- 
tenance of house-lighting systems, doorbells, annunciators, 
etc., that are ordinarily expended in the maintenance of 
such systems in buildings of The Panama Canal. 

At Camp Otis, Empire, and Gaiiiard, and Forts Grant, 
Sherman, and Randolph, the Army has agreed to maintain 
their own secondary distribution system beginning at 
the secondary side of the transformers, including house 
and street lighting systems, but excepting lamps for re- 
newals, which will be supplied by The Panama Canal. 
The Electrical Division keeps a maintenance man on the 
west side of the Canal to look after the primary distribu- 
tion system and transformers. This maintenance man, 
when not engaged in work on that part of the system that 
is maintained by The Panama Canal will render any ad- 
vice or assistance to the Army that is requested by the 
electrician sergeants, Post Quartermasters, Commanding 
Officers, or their duly authorized representatives. He will 
not supply materials, except lamps to be used for renewals, 
for that part of the system the maintenance of which has 
been assumed by the Army. Electrical appliances, such as 
irons, toasters, etc., may be installed by the Army author- 
ities at their own discretion since they bear the cost of 
installation themselves and the power consumed is regis- 
tered on our meter. Similarly at Fort Grant, the Electrical 



40 

Division employees in the Ancon-Balboa District who may 
be called upon by the Army authorities for assistance or 
advice will respond promptly and help out in any way 
that they can, subject to the restrictions mentioned above 
for Camp Otis, Empire, and Gaillard. At Cristobal, 
Gatun, Corozal, Quarry Heights, and other points where 
the Army does not have Electrical Sergeants for the main- 
tenance of their secondary systems, the Electrical Division 
will maintain these systems in all respects as is done with 
Panama Canal systems. With regard to electrical ap- 
pliances such as stoves, toasters, flat irons, etc., the Elec- 
trical Division can not make these installations free of 
charge. In order to take care of such installations when 
desired by the Army, the Electrical Division will make 
installations of appliances on written requests to this office. 
No prior deposit with the Collector will be required. The 
actual cost to The Panama Canal will be determined after 
the work is done and billed to the party requesting the 
installation. No monthly charge will be made for the use 
of such appliances. 

In cases where lack of funds prevents the Army author- 
ities from calling on The Panama Canal for minor wiring 
and other electrical jobs in Army buildings that can be 
performed by enlisted men of the Army, the proper em- 
ployees of the Electrical Division will, upon request of the 
military authorities give such advice as may be desired 
and will from time to time inspect the work and see that 
the rules and requirements of the National Board of Fire 
Underwriters are complied with. Upon completion they 
will make a final inspection and submit a written report 
to this office, copy of which will be sent from this office to 



41 

the Commanding Officer of the post concerned, giving a 
brief description of the work and location sufficient for 
identification, and a statement as to whether or not the 
installation as made by the Army complies with the rules 
and requirements above mentioned, and if not a detailed 
statement of defects and a statement as to whether or not 
they have been previously called to the attention of the 
Army authorities. 

XII. 

ELECTRICAL DIVISION FORMS. 
PC No. 

1531. Application for Use of Appliances in Gold Quarters. 

1509. Cable Transfer. 
723—1. Completion Report. 

1514. Danger Card (large) for Substations. 
1524. Diversion Report — Book Form. 
1522. Insulator Trouble Report. 

735-1. Inventory of Electric Lights (card). 
1504-Rev. Inventory of Electric Lights (sheet). 
1508. Lamp Renewal Report. 
1518. Log Sheet, Gamboa. 

731-Rev. Log Sheet, Hydroelectric Station. 

1510. Log Sheet, Miraflores Steam Plant. 
1502. Log Sheet, substations. 

725. Meter Abstract, monthly. 
1527. Meter Test Card. 
734. Power Distribution, monthly. 



42 

1513. Signal Battery, individual cell reading and bat- 
tery. 

1516. Signal Operations, P. R. R. 
1511. Signal Storage Battery Record. 

1517. Signal Track Battery and Relay Record. 
1523. Stock Card— Electrical Division, 8" x 10" 

727. Switch Tag. 

1519. Telephone Exchange Equipment, Appraisal of. 

1520. Telephone Inside Material, Appraisal of. 
1512-1. Telephone Outside Material, Appraisal of. 
1515. Winding Specifications. 

730. Wiring Memorandum — Electric. 

730-a. Wiring Memorandum — Telephone. 
1507. Work Card — Electric, for field use. 
1507-a. Work Card — Telephone, for field use. 

721. Work Order Card. 



SECTION III 



USEFUL TABLES 



43 



45 



Table I. 



IRON CONDUIT. 



Sizes of standard insulated wire that can be pulled into 
various sizes of conduit. 



Rubber covered, double 
braids. 


'% 




'? 

CO 


Rubber covered, 
2 braids. 


'? 




CO 


No. 14 B.& S 


4 

i 

2 
1 
2 
1 
2 
3. 

1 

4 

4 
1 

12 

2 
2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2\ 

2\ 

2h 

2h 


1 
2 
3 

.3 
1* 

1 

a 

n 
n 
14 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

si 

2* 

21 

3 

3 

3 

34 
3* 
31 
3* 
3* 
4 
4 
4 
4 


\ 

1 

a 

u 

n 

2 

2 

2 

2 

24 

2\ 

2\ 

2\ 

3 

3 

3 

3^ 

34 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

41 

4^ 

M 


1,100,000 cm 

1,200,000 c m 

1,300,000 c m 

1,400,000 cm 

1,500,000 cm 

1,600,000 c. m 

1,700,000 c ra 

l,.800,000c. m 

1,900,000 c m 

2,000,000 cm 


2\ 

2\ 

2\ 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 


4 
4 

4| 

41 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 


5 


No. 12 B.& S.. . 


5 


No. 10 B.& S 


5 


No. 8B. &S 

No. 6B. &S 


6 

6 


No 5 B & S 


6 


No. 4B. & S 


6 


No. 3 B. &S 


7 


No.2B. &S 


7 


No. IB. & S 


7 


No. 1-0 




No. 2-0 










No. 3-0 










No. 4-0 










200,000 cm 










250,000 cm 










300,000 c m. 










350,000 cm. . . 


1 No. 10 and 2 No. 14 






f 


400,000 cm 

450,000 cm 

500,000 cm 


1 No. 8 and 2 No. 12... 
1 No. 6 and 2 No. 10... 
1 No. 4 and 2 No. 8... 






Ji 


550,000 cm 


1 No. 3 and 2 No. 6... 






Jl 


600,000 c m. 


1 No. 2 and 2 No. 6. . 






Jl 


700,000 cm 


1 No. 1 and 2 No. 5. .. 






14 


750,000 cm... 


1 No. 1-0 and 2 No . 4 
1 No. 2-0 and 2 No. 3 
1 No. 3-0 and 2 No. 2 
1 No. 4-0 and 2 No. 1 








800,000 cm 






11 


850,000 c m 

900,000 cm 


.... 




2 
? 


950,000 c m 








1 000 000 c m 























46 



Table II. 



Recommended power carrying capacity in kilowatts of de- 
livered energy at 100 per cent power factor. 

Three-conductor, three-phase cables. 



Size 








VOLTS. 
























B.&S.G. 


1,100 


2,200 


3,300 


4,000 


6,600 


11,000 


13,200 


22,000 




KILOWATTS. 


6 


92 


183 


275 


333 


549 


915 


1,098 


1,831 


5 


109 


217 


326 


395 


652 


1,087 


1 ,304 


2,174 


4 


130 


260 


390 


473 


781 


1,301 


1.562 


2,603 


'6 


154 


309 


463 


562 


927 


1 .544 


1,854 


3,089 


2 


179 


358 


536 


650 


1,073 


1,788 


2,145 


3,575 


1 


209 


418 


626 


759 


1,253 


2,088 


2.506 


4,176 





240 


481 


721 


874 


1,442 


2,402 


2,884 


4,805 


00 


279 


558 


836^ 


1,014 


1,674 


2,788 


3.347 


5,577 


000 


322 


644 


965 


1,172 


1,931 


3,217 


3,862 


6,435 


0000 


372 


744 


1,115 


1,352 


2,231 


3,717 


4.462 


7,435 


250000 


413 


827 


1,240 


1,503 


2,480 


4,132 


4.960 


8,264 



To reduce the above amounts from kilowatts to amperes, 
divide by 3.806. To find the carrying capacity at any 
power factor other than unity multiply values given in 
above table by the power factor of the delivered load. 



47 



Table III. 

Table of carrying capacity of wires. 
The following table, showing the allowable carrying 
capacity of copper wires and cable of 98 per cent conduc- 
tivity, according to the standard adopted by the American 
Institute of Electrical Engineers, must be followed in 
placing interior conductors: 



B. &S. 


Diameter of 


Area in 


Table A, 


Table B, 


gauge 


solid wire 


circular 


rubber 


- other 


number. 


in mils. 


mils. 


insulation. 


insulation. 


18 


40.3 


1,624 


3 


5 


16 


50.8 


2,583 


6 


10 


14 


64.1 
80.8 


4,107 
6,530 


15 

20 


20 


12 


25 


10 


101.9 


10,380 


25 


30 


8 


128.5 
162.0 


16,510 
26,250 


35 
50 


50 


6 


70 


5 


181.9 


33,100 


bo 


80 


4 


204.3 
229.4 
257.6 


41 , 740 
52,630 
66,370 


70 

80 
90 


90 


3 


100 


2 


125 


1 


289.3 
325.0 


83,690 
105,500 


100 
125 


150 





200 


00 


364.8 
409.6 


133,100 
167,800 


150 
175 


225 


000 


275 






200,000 


200 


300 


0000 


460.0 


211,600 


225 


325 






300,000 


275 


400 






400,000 


325 


500 






500,000 


400 


600 






600,000 


450 


680 






700,000 


500 


760 






800,000 


550 


840 






900,000 


600 


920 






1,000,000 


650 


1,000 






1,100,000 


690 


1,080 






1,200,000 


730 


1,150 






1,300.000 


770 


1,220 






1,400,000 


810 


1,290 






1,500,000 


850 


1,360 






1,600,000 


890 


1,430 






1,700,000 


930 


1,490 






1,800,000 


970 ; 


1,550 






1,900,000 


1,010 


1,610 






2,000,000 


1,050 ! 


1,670 



1 mil equals 0.001 inch. 



48 



Table IV. 
Amperes per phase per kilowatt, single phase circuits. 





Power Factor 


Volts. 


100 per 
cent. 


90 per 
cent. 


80 per 
cent. 


70 per 
cent. 


110 


9.09 

4.54 

2.27 

0.909 

0.454 


10.01 
5.05 
2.52 
1.01 

0.505 


11.36 
5.68 
2.84 
1.136 
0.568 


12.98 


220 


6 49 


440 


3 24 


1100... 


1 298 


2200 


0.649 



Table V. 

Amperes per kilowatt in each leg of a balanced 3 -phase line. 



Power Factor. 



50 
60 
70 
75 
80 
85 
90 
95 
100 



Voltage between any two wires. 



110 


220 


440 


1,100 


2,200 


6,600 


10.50 


5.25 


2.62 


1.050 


0.525 


0.175 


8.75 


4.37 


2.18 


.875 


.437 


.146 


7.50 


3.75 


1.87 


.750 


.375 


.125 


7.00 


3.50 


1.75 


.700 


.350 


.117 


6.56 


3.28 


1.64 


.650 


.328 


.109 


6.17 


3.09 


1.54 


.617 


.309 


.103 


5.83 


2.91 


1.46 


.583 


.291 


.097 


5.52 


2.76 


1.38 


.552 


.276 


.092 


5.25 


2.63 


1.31 


.525 


.263 


.087 



49 
Table Vi. 

Relation a of voltage, current, and power that apply to any 

J -wire 3- phase circuit either delta or star 

connected, 

Wherein I = line current in amperes (current in each 
wire), P = the power transmitted in watts, E = voltage 
across lines (between any two wires), and p. f. is the power 
factor of the circuit. (v 3 = 1.73 approximately.) 



For a noninductive load : 
P 0.577 xP 



Ext/3 
P 



E 
0.577 x P 



I 



I x i/3 
P = ExIx VT~ = 1.73 x Ex I. 
For an inductive load : 

P 0.577 xP 



or approximately = 



or approximately =- 



0.5 8 x P 
E 

0.58 x P 
I 



p.f. 



E = 



1.73 xIxE IxE 
P 0.5.77 x P 



or approximately 



__0.58 x P 




. or approximately = - 
p. f.x 1.73x1 p. f. x I HF p. f. x I 

MR 52781 4 



50 

P 0.577 xP 0.58 xP 

I := — : — — — — — — — —or approximately = 

p. f. xl.73xE p. f. xE FP p. f. xE 

P= 1.73 xEx I xp. f. 

Table VII. 

To reduce square mils or square inches to circular mils or 
the reverse, use the following formulas: 

Lir. mils 

0.7854 

Sq. mils -= cir. mils x 0.7854 

Cir. mils = 

0.0000007854 

Sq. in. = cir. mils x 0.0000007854 

Example: The sectional area of a bus bar is 3" x J" 
Find its area in circular mils. 



_ Sq. in. _ 3xj _ 0.75 

ir. mi s — 0000007854 - 0.0000007854 ~" 0.0000007854 
— 955,000 



51 

Table VIII. 

A circular mil is the area of a circle l/lOOO inch in 
diameter. A mil is l/lOOO of an inch. The areas of elec- 
trical conductors are usually measured in circular mils. 
Since the area of any figure varies as the square of its 
similar dimensions, the area of any circle can be expressed 
in circular mils by squaring its diameter expressed in 
thousandths. Thus, since 3/8 = 375/1000 = 0.375, the 
area of a circle 3/8 inch in diameter would be 375 x 375 = 
140,625 circular mils. The area of a circle 0.005 inch 
diameter would be 5 x 5 =25 circular mils. 

Table IX. 

Watts, kilowatts, and horsepower. 
One horsepower equals 746 watts, therefore: 



watts 

h. p. = = watts x 0.001 

746 



Watts = h. p. x 746 



kilowatts 
h - p - = ^7i-6~ =kw - xL43 



Kw. = h. p. x 0.746 



52 
Table X. 

Equivalent conductor areas. 

Of single conductor of any size, from 0000 to 15, in a 
stated number of smaller conductors. 



B. & S. 

Gauge 


In 2 

conduc- 
tors. 


la 4 
conduc- 
tors. 


In 8 
conduc- 
tors. 


In 16 

conduc- 
tors. 


In 32 
conduc- 
tors. 


In 64 
conduc- 
tors. 


In 2 conduc- 
tors, one oi 
each. 


No. 

- 0000 

000 

00 



1 

2 
3 


No. 



1 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 


No. 

4 
5 



7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 


No. 
6 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 


No. 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 


No. 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 


No. 
15 
16 
17 

18 


No. 
00 and 1 

and 2 

1 and 3 

2 and 4 
"3 and 5 

4 and 6 

5 and 7 


4 




6 and 8 










6 






8 and 10 


7 






9 and 11 


8 








10 and 12 


9 








11 and 13 


10 








12 and 14 


11 













13 and 15 


12 










14 and 16 


13 











15 and 17 


14 












16 and 18 


15 




j 









For the same temperature rise more current can be 
carried by using divided circuits and the greater number 
of divided circuits for the same equivalent cross section 
the greater the amount of current that can be carried. 
(See table of carrying capacities.) 



INDEX. 

Cost-keeping System: Page. 

Blanket work requests 18-21 

Classification _ 5-6 

Completion reports 16-1 7 

Definition of accounts 12-15 

Diversion reports 17 

Freight bills „„ 17 

Subaccount numbers 7-11 

Work orders 15-16 

Circulars and Rates. 

Army, work for 38-41 

Cable splicing strictly jorneymen's work— 37 

Defacing woodwork 37 

Dry closet lamps 36 

Electric appliances — Circular No. 676-6— 30 

Fire Underwriters' Rules, use of 38 

Form numbers — Electrical Division forms 41-42 

Gasoline torches, care in handling 37 

Individuals and companies, charges for current 29 

Installations of outlets, etc., in quarters 53-36 

Recovery of burned-out lamps 36 

Use of current in quarters, Circular No. #27-15 31-32 

Cables: 

Amperes per phase per kilowatt, single-phase circuits 48 

Amperes per kilowatt in each leg of balanced three-phase 

line 48 

Capacity of 3-conductor cable — power carrying 46 

Capacity of 1 -conductor cable — power carrying 47 

Equivalent conductor areas 52 

Relation of square mils to circular mils 50-51 

Relations of voltage, current and power in three-phase line.. 49-50 

Relation of watts, kilowatts, and horsepower 51 

Sizes of wire that can be pulled in iron conduit 45 

53 

O 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ft 1 



021 092 274 A 







-*\1 ; '.< 



^y-i 



